COP30 Urged to Address Climate Justice and Historical Injustices

Post by : Monika

As the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference, known as COP30, approaches in November 2025, activists, environmental groups, and human rights organizations around the world are urging leaders to take bold steps toward climate justice.

More than 240 organizations, including Amnesty International USA, local chapters of Black Lives Matter, and advocacy groups from the Caribbean and Latin America, have signed a letter calling on world leaders to directly address historical injustices like slavery, colonialism, and systemic exploitation.

These groups argue that climate change is not only an environmental crisis but also a social and historical problem. The effects of global warming—such as floods, storms, droughts, and heatwaves—affect people unevenly.

Poorer countries and marginalized communities, many of which were directly impacted by colonialism and the transatlantic slave trade, face the most severe consequences. These communities often lack the resources to adapt or recover from climate disasters.

Historical Injustices and Their Impact on Climate Vulnerability

The organizations highlight that colonial powers historically exploited land, forests, water, and mineral resources in Africa, Latin America, and other parts of the world. This exploitation allowed European nations to amass wealth while leaving the colonies impoverished and environmentally degraded. Slavery and forced labor further increased the concentration of wealth and limited opportunities for economic growth in colonized nations.

The letter emphasizes that this history has a direct link to today’s climate crisis. Countries that benefited from exploitation were able to develop industrial economies that emitted large amounts of greenhouse gases.

Meanwhile, the nations that were exploited now face extreme vulnerability to climate change because they have fewer resources, weaker infrastructure, and less political power to influence global policies.

In the letter, the organizations wrote: “There can be no true climate justice without reparatory justice.” They argue that without recognizing and addressing the harms of slavery, colonialism, and systemic racism, any climate policies will remain incomplete and unjust. Reparations, in this context, mean not just financial compensation but also measures that strengthen the capacity of historically oppressed communities to deal with climate impacts.

Brazil’s Unique Position

Brazil has been highlighted as a key country in this discussion because of its history and demographics. During the transatlantic slave trade, Brazil received more enslaved Africans than any other country. Today, it has the largest population of African descendants outside Africa. This history makes Brazil a symbolic and practical leader in linking climate justice with reparations.

Anielle Franco, Brazil’s Minister for Racial Equality, has spoken about the importance of acknowledging historical injustices. She stated that addressing past wrongs is essential to creating a more dignified and equitable future. According to Franco, reparations are not only a moral obligation but also a necessary step toward sustainable development and climate justice.

In addition to racial justice, Brazil is home to many Indigenous communities whose lands and resources have been affected by deforestation, mining, and other extractive industries. These communities often face extreme vulnerability to climate change, including floods, wildfires, and loss of biodiversity. Advocates argue that their voices must be central to discussions at COP30, as they have knowledge of ecosystems and local environments that is critical for effective climate adaptation.

Calls for Action at COP30

The organizations are urging COP30 to establish a dedicated platform for discussions on climate justice and reparations. They want Africans, people of African descent, and Indigenous communities to lead these conversations to ensure that those most affected by historical injustices have a voice in global decision-making.

They also call on the Brazilian government to actively incorporate climate justice and reparations into its national and international policy agenda. By doing so, Brazil can help ensure that COP30 results in concrete actions rather than just discussions. The proposed measures include financial support for vulnerable countries and communities, technology transfer to build climate resilience, and policies that prioritize historically marginalized populations.

Challenges and Opposition

While the call for linking climate justice with reparations has gained support, it also faces significant opposition. Critics argue that modern governments and institutions should not be held accountable for events that happened hundreds of years ago. They claim that focusing on historical injustices may distract from current climate actions.

Proponents, however, counter that understanding history is crucial to creating fair and effective climate policies. They point out that industrialized nations that benefitted from colonialism and slavery have contributed the most to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Addressing past injustices, therefore, is essential to creating equitable solutions and ensuring that vulnerable populations are protected.

Global Inequality and Climate Change

The letter to COP30 also emphasizes the broader issue of global inequality. Wealthy countries, which historically emitted the most greenhouse gases, have more resources to adapt to climate change. Poorer countries, which contributed the least to the problem, are suffering the most. This inequality creates a moral obligation for richer nations to support climate adaptation and mitigation efforts in developing countries.

Reparations, in this sense, are seen as a form of climate finance. Instead of being charity, these funds or support measures are a way to rectify historical injustices and create conditions for sustainable development in affected communities. This includes building resilient infrastructure, ensuring access to clean water and energy, and supporting local economies impacted by climate disasters.

The Role of Indigenous Communities

Indigenous communities are also a central focus of the call for climate justice. Across the world, Indigenous peoples often live in regions that are ecologically sensitive and vulnerable to climate impacts. They possess traditional knowledge of sustainable practices and ecosystem management. However, they are frequently excluded from policy decisions.

Activists argue that including Indigenous voices at COP30 is not only a matter of justice but also a practical necessity. Their participation can help shape policies that protect biodiversity, manage natural resources sustainably, and reduce the risks of climate disasters. This approach recognizes the interconnectedness of environmental protection and social justice.

The Importance of Global Cooperation

COP30, like previous UN climate conferences, brings together leaders from nearly 200 countries. The main goal is to advance international cooperation to combat climate change. The inclusion of historical justice and reparations in these discussions represents a shift toward a more holistic approach to climate policy.

Supporters of this approach argue that climate change cannot be solved without addressing the inequalities created by history. Wealthy nations have benefited from centuries of resource exploitation and industrialization, while poorer nations and marginalized communities face the greatest risks today. Recognizing this reality is key to fostering global solidarity and ensuring fair solutions.

As COP30 draws near, the call to link climate justice with reparations for historical crimes highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to the climate crisis. Recognizing and addressing past injustices is not only a moral obligation but also a practical step toward creating equitable and sustainable solutions.

Activists, community leaders, and affected populations are pushing for meaningful action that goes beyond speeches and statements. They hope that COP30 will result in policies that strengthen vulnerable communities, support climate adaptation, and prioritize social and environmental justice.

The conversation about reparations and climate justice is part of a larger effort to ensure that future generations inherit a world that is both environmentally sustainable and socially fair. By integrating historical accountability with climate action, COP30 has the potential to create a new model for international cooperation—one that recognizes the past while actively shaping a fairer and safer future for all.

COP30 climate justice reparations